Passive voice atau kalimat pasif digunakan untuk menegaskan verba atau object yang ada di kalimat dibandingkan dengan subjectnya.
Kalimat pasif ini digunakan ketika:
- aksi lebih utama dibandingkan dengan subject
- subjek tidak diketahui
- subjek diketahui namun sengaja ditempatkan diakhir kalimat.
Contoh:
- A letter is written by me (Surat ditulis olehku)
- America was discovered by Columbus. (Amerika ditemukan oleh Columbus)
- Macbeth was written by Shakespeare. (Macbeth ditulis oleh Shakespeare)
- The door was opened by his son.(Pintu itu dibuka oleh putranya)
- The new ideas were suggested by Edo. (Ide baru tersebut diusulkan oleh Edo)
Perubahan Kata ganti orang (Pronouns) dari Kalimat Aktif ke Kalimat Pasif.
| Pronoun in Active Voice | Pronoun in Passive Voice |
| I | Me |
| We | Us |
| You | You |
| He | Him |
| She | Her |
| It | It |
| They | Them |
Ada beberapa aturan dalam Pronoun atau kata ganti tersebut, diantaranya ialah sebagai berikut:
- Identifikasi terlebih dulu, Subjek, Predikat dan Objeknya
- Ubah objek menjadi subjek
- Tambahkan verba bantu (auxiliary verbs), seperti: is, are, were
- Ubah verba menjadi bentuk ketiga (past participle form)
- Tambahkan preposisi by
- Ubah subjek menjadi objek
Rumus Passive Voice
Secara umum, passive voice mempunyai rumus sebagai berikut:
S + be + past participle + (by agent)
Keterangan
S : Subjek
be : auxiliary verb (am, is, are, was, were, has been, have been, will be, dll)
past participle : kata kerja bentuk ke 3 (Past pasticiple)
(by agent) : pelaku dari tindakan
Active voice : My father built the house.
Passive voice : The house was built by my father.
Active voice : Ronaldo kicked the ball.
Passive voice : The ball is kicked by Ronaldo.
Perlu diketahui ya teman-teman, dalam membuat passive voices itu tidak terlepas dari tenses, yang pernah kita pelajari sejak kelas tujuh baik itu simple present tense, present continuous tense, present perfect tense, dan yang lainnya.
Intinya beda tense, berbeda rumusnya dan yang berbeda hanyalah auxiliary verb-nya (kata kerja bantunya). Untuk lebih jelasnya, teman-teman bisa simak sebagai berikut.
- Simple Present Tense (S + am/is/are + V3)
Active voice : She makes the painting
Passive voice : the painting is made by her.
- Present Continuous Tense (S + am/is/are + being + V3)
Active voice : Someone is sending the book right now.
Passive voice : The book is being sentright now.
- Present Perfect Tense (S + have/has + been + V3)
Active voice : The author has sold the copyrights of the books.
Passive voice : The copyrights of the books have been sold.
- Simple Past Tense (S + was/were + V3)
Active voice : Carl invited him
Passive voice : He was invited by Carl.
- Past Continuous Tense (S + was/were + being + V3)
Active voice : They were washing their bikes while they were running in the park.
Passive voice : Their bikes were being washed while they were running in the park.
- Past Perfect Tense (S + had + been + V3)
Active voice : The manager had hired all the employees before the school started.
Passive voice : All the employees had been hired before the school started.
- Simple Future Tense (S + will/shall + be + V3)
Active voice : She will sign a contract.
Passive voice : A contract will be signedby her.
- Future Continuous Tense (S + will/shall + be + being + V3)
Active voice : They will be building a bridge within the next few years.
Passive voice : A bridge will be being built within the next few years.
- Future Perfect Tense (S + will/shall + have been + V3)
Active voice : The Company will have started the job by the first of June.
Passive voice : the job will have been started by the first of June.
Nah, itulah teman-teman. Kita sudah mempelajari materi bahasa Inggris kelas 11 bab 8. Semoga bermanfaat dan membuat kamu paham ya. Nantikan di materi artikel lainnya ya. See you!
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